viernes, agosto 12, 2005

Aguante el mate!


No sé si será verdad, pero estos vendedores dicen que el mate tiene 196
componentes activos contra 144 del té verde.

"Yerba Maté contains 196 Active Compounds-vitamins, minerals, and amino
acids vs. 144 found in Green Tea from Asia."

guayaki.com

martes, agosto 09, 2005

Buying Nootropics and Smartdrugs in Latin America


For those that are planning to travel to a Spanish speaking latin american country here are some suggestions that can help find what you need.

I will give you same names in Spanish and the brand names we use in Argentina (most labs export, so names can be similar). To look for brand names and other drugs you can use an online vademecum like

http://www.prvademecum.com/

At the top it reads: "cambiar de país", select and then chose the country of your interest.

Some name equivalents for most commons nootropics:

English         Spanish         (brand names in Argentina)

ALC             l acetil carnitina (Neuroactil)
aniracetam      aniracetam      (Pergamid)
CDP choline     citidincolina   (Reagin)
centrophenoxine centrofenoxina (not available)
co Q10  coenzima Co Q10
deprenyl        deprenyl, selegilina    (Jumex, Kinabide)
desmopressin    desmopresina
hydergine       hydergina       (Hydergina)
Idebenone       idebenona       (Idesole,Esanic, Geniceral, Nemocebral, Lucebanol, Sicoplus)
lipoic acid     ácido lipoico/ácido tióctico?   (Biletan)
phosphatidylserine fosfatidilserina (Bros)
piracetam       piracetam       (not available)
pyritinol       piritinol               (Epocan)
soy lecithin    lecitina de soja        (at health shops, dietéticas)
vinpocetine     vinpocetina     (Kavinton)

Most of this products you will not find in a supplement/vitamin stores here (except lecithin, CoQ10, Ginkgo Biloba) but you can buy them over the counter although they are prescription in some countries.

Ask for the products at a Farmacia (drugstore). If they do not have the brand names or generic ask if they make "recetas magistrales" (compounds) or if they know of any farmacia that make them. Most farmacias that make compounds have sign. Sometimes some products that are not available as brand names are available for compounding pharmacies (e.g. there is not a lab that commercialize centrophenoxine here but I have seen the product listed in a compounding pharmacy, same with piracetam).

Here some compounding pharmacies will ask you for a prescription. Sometimes it depends on the dose of the product. High doses can cause more problem to obtain, chose lower doses and more capsules as an alternative. If they ask you for a prescription explain that in your country it is OTC and you forgot it at home (having the brochure could help or print from a website) . Most probably the first time they will make it to you and if you want a refill they will ask for a prescription, but it depends on the product. I am not promoting the irresponsible use of pharmaceuticals and I assume you have already consulted with your doctor and you are not taking any medicine just to experiment.

There are some idiosyncrasies that will surprise you here. DMAE and piracetam, when they were available required special prescriptions like for psychotropic (maybe because they can potentiate other drugs). So avoid problems, get informed and explain to the pharmacist.

Storing medicine safely

Storing medicine safely: "Storing medicine safely
Alternative Names:
Medicine storage

Information:

Many people store their medications in the bathroom. But this popular spot is actually one of the worst places to keep medicine. Bathroom cabinets tend to be warm and humid, an environment that accelerates a drug's decomposition. Instead, keep medicines in a cool, dry place away from the bathroom and out of a child's reach.

This is especially true for tablets and capsules. Unnecessary exposure to heat and moisture can cause them to lose their potency prior to their labeled expiration date. For example, a warm, muggy environment can cause aspirin tablets to break down into acetic acid (vinegar) and salicyclic acid, both of which are potential stomach irritants.

If you must keep them in the bathroom, always keep the containers tightly closed. Never repackage them.

If medicines are to be stored in a kitchen, store them away from the stove, sink, and any heat-releasing appliances.

In rare cases, an improperly stored medication can actually become toxic. To prevent danger, follow these tips:
Store drugs out of harm's way. Always keep them out of the reach of children.
Don't leave the cotton plug in a medication vial. Doing so can draw moisture into the container.
Check the expiration date each time you take a drug. Discard and replace any medications that are out of date.
Never use a medication that has changed color, consistency, or odor, regardless of the expiration date. Throw away capsules or tablets that stick together, are harder or softer than normal, or cracked or chipped.
Ask your pharmacist about any specific storage instructions.

TRAVEL TIPS

Travelers need to follow additional tips for safe storage of their medications:
Before leaving home, list all your medications, as well as the name and number of your pharmacist and physician.
To prevent your medicine from making a detour while on vacation, keep your medicine in a carry-on bag rather than a checked suitcase.
Bring an extra supply with you in case your return is delayed.
Never leave medicines in an automobile, where heat can rapidly destroy the drug.
Watch time changes. Set a separate watch to your usual time so you can remember when to take any medication.

More information on travel tips and safe storage of medicines is available through the American Society of Health Systems Pharmacists at www.safemedication.com."

lunes, agosto 08, 2005

El ejercicio es un potenciador cerebral

Fragmentos de : Exercise gives your brain a boost, too

Exercise, however, has emerged as a low-tech cognitive enhancement method. The news is filled with reports that Alzheimer's disease and other memory problems are less common among people who exercise regularly. Exercise also boosts brainpower in younger people.

The "hows" and "whys" lie in the results of landmark medical studies done in the late 1990s by a research team headed by Fred H. Gage of the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif.

Until then, conventional wisdom said that people are born with a life supply of brain cells and never grow new ones. The brain does get bigger, growing from about 12 ounces at birth to three pounds in the average adult. But scientists said that's mainly because brain cells themselves get bigger, just like muscle cells.

That traditional idea seemed a little bleak. It suggested that not only are people born with all the brain cells they will ever have, but lose cells during life. Brain cells start dying off around age 20, when people begin loose about 50,000 brain cells every day. By age 70 to 75, people have lost about 10 percent of their brain cells.

Often lost in the numbers, however, was the fact that remaining nerve cells do grow interconnections with other cells that help make up for the loss.

The old idea headed for science's junk pile when the Salk Institute team found that laboratory mice do grow new brain cells, hinting that the same was true for humans and other animals. In 1998, Mr. Gage's team found clear evidence that new brain cells do grow in humans. New cells grew in a brain region called the hippocampus, which is involved in learning and memory.

Studies with laboratory mice showed that mice kept in a stimulating environment - with toys, exercise apparatus, and chances to interact with other mice - grew more new brain cells than mice raised in regular cages. They also did better on learning and memory tests that involved navigating mazes.

Exercise turned out to be a key factor. Mice that got regular voluntary exercise on running wheels grew twice as many new brain cells as those in cages without any exercise device.

Other studies have found that even gentle, low-intensity exercise - like the stretching of yoga - can improve mental performance.

Michael Woods is the Blade's science editor. His health columns appear each Monday and his columns on computers and technology appear each Saturday.    
» Read more Michael Woods columns at www.toledoblade.com/woods

toledoblade.com

Reparar efectos cerebrales de la esclerosis multiple


OHSU researchers discover potential mechanism to repair brain damage linked
to MS

PORTLAND, Ore. -- Oregon Health & Science University researchers have
identified some of the key factors that prevent the repair of brain damage
caused by multiple sclerosis (MS), complications of premature birth, and
other diseases and conditions. The findings offer important clues about why
the nervous system fails to repair itself and suggest ways that at least
some forms of brain damage could be reversed. The research is published in
the August edition of the scientific journal Nature Medicine.

"For many years, scientists have understood that damage to the
insulation-like sheath surrounding nerve cells in the brain, called myelin,
is part of the disease process for MS and other brain disorders," said
Larry Sherman, Ph.D., an associate scientist in the Division of
Neuroscience at the Oregon National Primate Research Center and an adjunct
associate professor of cell and developmental biology in the OHSU School of
Medicine. "In recent years, it became clear that there were cells at the
sites of this damage that should have the capacity to repair the brain and
spinal cord but they fail to do so. Our studies have revealed that there is
a particular signal in the damaged brain that prevents these cells from
restoring lost myelin
. We're hopeful that we can develop methods to
counteract this process in animal models in our search for human treatments."

http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-08/ohs-ord080505.php

sábado, agosto 06, 2005

Los peces regeneran sus nervios


A Fishy Recipe for Healing Nerves

Unlike people, fish can regrow damaged nerve fibers in their central
nervous systems
. Now a study may have found the reason: The creatures lack
a protein called Nogo-A that prevents nerve regeneration in mammals.

Axons, or nerve fibers, are the transmission lines that conduct electrical
signals throughout the body. The fibers are protected by sheaths of myelin,
a fatty insulator that speeds the electrical impulses along. Damaged axons
in the brain and spinal cord of mammals don't regenerate, and spinal cord
injuries can therefore lead to permanent paralysis. Fish are luckier: They
can regrow the axons in their central nervous system, but curiously this
regeneration stops if their nerve endings come into contact with mammalian
myelin.

Because a protein in mammalian myelin called Nogo-A is known to inhibit
central nervous system axon growth in mammals
, a team of researchers led by
biologist Claudia Stürmer at the University of Konstanz in Germany wondered
if fish might be missing this protein. When the researchers exposed
goldfish axons to rat Nogo-A, the nerves stopped growing. Furthermore, a
comparison of genomes between ten species of fish, including zebrafish and
pufferfish, and humans revealed that fish lack the genetic information to
make Nogo-A or a similar inhibitor. The team reports its findings in the
August issue of Molecular Biology and Evolution.

The paper's careful study of fish phylogeny supports an existing notion
that Nogo-A may be a recent evolutionary development that correlates with
more complex nervous systems and more complex functions, says Stephen
Strittmatter, a neurologist at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.
"It's an important addition to our growing understanding of the role these
inhibitors play," he says.

--CAROLYN GRAMLING

http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2005/805/1

jueves, agosto 04, 2005

Students turn to drugs during finals - Globe Link - Campus

Students turn to drugs during finals - Globe Link - Campus: "According to the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, the number one 'easy out' is pain relievers, followed closely by anxiety and sleep medications, and stimulants. College students most often use Adderall, '[a] fast-acting mixture of amphetamines...one of a handful of stimulants prescribed for ADHD,' said the Wall Street Journal in a recent report.

Ritalin, 'a stimulant approved by the Food and Drug administration in 1955 [and] frequently prescribed for children,' takes a close second. Most pills that are taken during final exams are rarely prescribed-rather they are taken from someone else's medicine cabinet.

According to the TriState Observer, various 'surveys and interviews of students point to increasing use of amphetamines and other prescription stimulants to help them keep awake and focused on their goal of higher grades.' And more and more college students are learning about it.

Though some would say that a student who uses drugs simply to get through a difficult exam could hardly be classified with someone who uses on a regular basis, the results are often the same: heart or brain damage-even death.

Students who take the drugs never plan on making the choice a habit-it may simply be a way to work less for greater results. Some students have even opted for the 'smart drug' choice using Nootropics such as Ginkgo biloba, Dmae and Choline for 'increased alertness, energy, short and long term memory capacity, concentration levels, and work performance,' said Smartbomb.com, a nutrition emporium online."

martes, agosto 02, 2005

Sustancias similares a las anfetaminas en las especias?


Prague Med Rep. 2005;106(1):27-38.

Christmas gingerbread (Lebkuchen) and Christmas cheer--review of the
potential role of mood elevating amphetamine-like compounds formed in vivo
and in furno.

Idle JR.

Institute of Pharmacology of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles
University, Prague, Czech Republic. jidle_lf1.cuni.cz

The typical spices used in winter include nutmeg, cinnamon, clove and
anise. These spices contain two groups of chemicals, the allylbenzenes and
their isomers, the propenylbenzenes. It was suggested 40 years ago by
Alexander Shulgin that these substances act as metabolic precursors of
amphetamines. The biotransformation of these precursors to
nitrogen-containing metabolites is reviewed. These reactions have not been
reported in humans. Whether or not the pharmacology and toxicology of
spices such as nutmeg can be explained on the basis of their allylbenzene
or propenylbenzene content is speculative. Humans may be exposed to
amphetamines derived from these precursors in forno, the formation during
baking and cooking, for example in the preparation of Lebkuchen, or
Christmas gingerbread. It is possible that this may be responsible, in
part, for uplifting our mood in winter. However, the role of these aromatic
substances, acting simply as odours, evoking old memories of winters past,
cannot be ignored. Whether spices have a true pharmacological effect or
they act as aromatherapy remains to be elucidated through clinical and
laboratory studies

sábado, julio 23, 2005

Entrevista con Ivan Izquierdo sobre la memoria

Entrevista com Ivan Izquierdo: "A MEMORIA

Entrevista com Ivan Izquierdo

por
Ignacio Brusco, MD; Diego Golombek, PhD e Sergio Strejilevich, MD


Atualmente vivendo em Porto Alegre, o argentino Ivan Izquierdo �um dos maiores pesquisadores do mundo na �rea de fisiologia da mem�ria e seus artigos e livros j�s�o parte imprescind�vel das bibliograf�as b�sicas dos trabalhos dedicados ao tema. Este atrativo personagem converteu o nosso encontro em um momento adequadamente estimulante, desses que deixam mem�rias !

Nesta entrevista, concedida com exclusividade para RAN, e reproduzida em 'C�rebro & Mente', o Prof. Izquierdo responde a quest�es palpitantes sobre a neurobiologia da mem�ria, tais como:
O que �a mem�ria e seus circuitos neurais
O impacto da pesquisa b�sica no conceito da mem�ria
A mem�ria guarda fatos ou emo�es ?
Estresse e mem�ria
Como as mem�rias se apagam ?
O papel das endorfinas no esquecimento
Mem�ria: digital ou anal�gica ?
Proteinas celulares e a forma�o da mem�ria
A potencia�o sin�ptica na mem�ria
Homocentrismo e nosso conceito de mem�ria
Os mecanismos gen�ticos e individuais"

miércoles, julio 20, 2005

Interesante nota sobre investigacion cerebral de Revista Nueva

Repruduzco una nota de la Revista Nueva del 17/07/05 por si desaparece. La revista se distribuye con diarios del interior.



Lo
ultimo a la cabeza



Marcapasos cerebral, implante
de chips, estimulacion de neuronas,
resonancia magnetica que registra la actividad cerebral
cuando dormimos, comemos o hacemos
el amor.

No son predicciones.

El futuro es hoy. Destacados
especialistas del pais y del mundo revelan
como la ciencia y la tecnologia se
ponen actualmente al servicio del paciente.


No
son pocos los adelantos científicos vinculados
al estudio del cerebro. Las revistas especializadas
abundan en artículos que hablan de la implementación
de tecnología para conocer cómo funciona
nuestra cabeza por dentro o novedosas terapias para
las patologías de siempre, entre una infinidad
de temas. A veces cuesta imaginar cómo funcionan.
Sin embargo, están más al alcance de
lo que pensamos y prometen cambiar nuestra vida para
siempre. Se aplican a estrategias de mercado, líneas
de belleza, prevención, diagnóstico
o tratamiento de enfermedades, y hasta al estudio
del comportamiento sexual.


Continuar...

martes, julio 19, 2005

The Getting of Wisdom

All in the Mind: 16 July 2005 - The Getting of Wisdom: "The Getting of Wisdom
Saturday 16 July 2005

None of us are getting any younger. As our bodies show signs of wear, so do our brains. We get forgetful, are confronted by new ideas and perplexed by new technologies. The world appears to be moving way too fast, as we sink into memories of the good ol’ days. Eminent neurologist and author Elkhonon Goldberg argues we have no excuse. His message - make your brain sweat if you want to enjoy your mental life to its fullest. And his suggestion is that the two hemispheres of our brain age differently as we wise up. Gretchen Miller reports.


Transcript"

jueves, junio 30, 2005

Targacept Compounds Show Long-Lasting Improvement in Cognition


WINSTON-SALEM, N.C., June 30, 2005 /PRNewswire/ - In a review of research to be published in the July issue of Trends In Pharmacological Sciences, Targacept compounds were reported to have a beneficial effect on cognition well after they were no longer present in the central nervous system. For example, in preclinical animal studies, Targacept's compounds TC-1827 and TC-1734 improved cognitive performance for up to 15 and 18 hours, respectively, though the compounds were appreciably metabolized and eliminated in less than an hour.
...
"Targacept's compounds act selectively on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor targets, and we anticipated this duration of effect based on extensive research of novel nicotinic compounds demonstrating sustained effects on cognition in animals," said Merouane Bencherif, M.D., Ph.D., Vice President, Preclinical Research.

Web site: http://www.targacept.com

http://www.pharmalive.com/News/index.cfm?articleid=252864&categoryid=15

lunes, junio 27, 2005

Longevidad


Conocer los mecanismos del envejecimiento y su posible prevención nos puede ayudar a mantener nuestras capacidades. Los siguientes sitios son buenos recursos:

Longevity Science: Unraveling the Secrets of Human Longevity

The purpose of our studies:

to understand the mechanisms of aging and longevity in order
to extend healthy and productive human lifespan.
This scientific website contains over a hundred of scientific documents relevant to longevity studies.

http://longevity-science.org/

Longevity Science Blog

This blog is dedicated to unraveling the secrets of longevity. The purpose of these discussions is to understand the mechanisms of aging and longevity in order to extend a healthy and productive human lifespan.

http://longevity.scienceboard.net/

sábado, junio 25, 2005

La FDA cayo en algunos proveedores de suplementos


La FDA cayó en algunos proveedores de suplementos. En algunos casos la FDA
actúa mal, pero en estos casos...esta gente ya tenía problemas (entre otros
algunos mentales).

www.smile2biz.com

www.nootropikshop.com

Para más información buscar en Google y en el grupo
http://groups.google.com/groups?q=group%3Arec.drugs.smart

Cerebro protegido con acido folico


Esta es una nota interesante, más allá de que en parte promueve un producto
en particular. El ácido fólico y las vitaminas B6 y B12 y mejor con
trimetilglicina, bajan la homocisteína.

Fuente: MedicosConsultores.com Fecha: 21/06/2005

El ácido fólico, ayudaría a enlentecer el proceso de declinación de
nuestras facultades mentales durante el envejecimiento.
Eso es lo que afirma un estudio efectuado en Holanda, el primero en señalar
que una vitamina podría mejorar la memoria.

La investigación, divulgada en una reunión de investigadores del mal de
Alzheimer, es parte de una creciente evidencia de que una alimentación con
fuertes dosis de foliatos es importante para alcanzar una variedad de
efectos saludables en el organismo. Ya se ha demostrado que reduce defectos
de nacimiento, y también que podría ayudar a reducir los riesgos de ataques
cardíacos y de apoplejías.

A medida que el ser humano envejece, se deterioran la memoria y otras
funciones cerebrales. Dosis de 1mg diarios de ácido fólico (En Argentina
E-folic B6 B12 ­ Lab. Slapak) parecen hacer más lenta la decadencia de las
funciones cerebrales, informó la jefa del equipo de investigadores, Jane
Durga, de la universidad Wageningen, en Holanda.

En el estudio, 818 personas con saludables facultades mentales, de entre 50
y 75 años, ingirieron píldoras de ácido fólico o un placebo, durante tres
años.
En exámenes posteriores, los usuarios del suplemento vitamínico tuvieron
marcas comparables a personas 5 años y medio más jóvenes, afirmó Durga. En
pruebas de rapidez para aprender, el ácido fólico ayudó a los voluntarios a
tener un desempeño tan bueno como personas 1,9 años más jóvenes.

Se trata de una importante protección del cerebro, en que se utiliza una
vitamina segura, dijo la neuróloga Marilyn Albert, de la universidad Johns
Hopkins, que preside el comité asesor científico de la Asociación para
Combatir el Mal de Alzheimer en Estados Unidos.

"Creo que tomaré ácido fólico, siempre y cuando mi médico me diga que está
bien", dijo Albert. "Sabemos que la patología del mal de Alzheimer comienza
muchos años antes que los síntomas. Debemos pensar en la salud de nuestro
cerebro de la misma manera que pensamos en la salud de nuestro corazón".

http://www.medicosconsultores.com/Noticias/Nota.asp?CodNoticia=4498

jueves, junio 23, 2005

Se usan pocas neuronas al identificar a alguien


Interesante trabajo de argentinos (en el exterior, como muchas veces pasa). Ahora, si son pocas las neuronas que guardan la información para reconocer objetos o palabras y la memoria no está tan distribuída, ¿sería posible hacerse un transplante de algún cerebro que tenga buena información y que esté en desuso no? :-)

Nota:

Son pocas, muy pocas las neuronas que se activan para poder reconocer a una persona o a un concepto. A esta conclusión, que sería una base importante para futuros experimentos en el campo de la memoria, llegó un equipo de investigadores dirigidos por el argentino Rodrigo Quian Quiroga, y que integra otro argentino, Gabriel Kreiman. El trabajo sale publicado hoy en la prestigiosa revista científica Nature.
...
Dos teorías muy opuestas

Al final del estudio que ocupó seis páginas en la revista Nature, los investigadores resumen las dos hipótesis que explicarían cómo codifican las neuronas lo que se percibe. Lo curioso es que ambas teorías son radicalmente opuestas.

"Es una discusión muy grande en neurociencia", explica Quian Quiroga. "Una teoría es que la información se encuentra codificada en la actividad de millones de neuronas al mismo tiempo. Es decir, sería un código distribuido en una amplia población de células".

Pero el argentino estaría demostrando lo contrario: la hipótesis llamada "célula de la abuela", que sostiene que una única neurona puede identificar a una persona. "Lo que vemos está más cercano a esta segunda opción. No creemos en ese extremo radical, pero mostramos la evidencia experimental más importante para decir que la información está representada en muy poquitas células cuando vamos a áreas muy complejas del cerebro".

http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/06/23/sociedad/s-02815.htm

lunes, junio 20, 2005

Neuropeptido SEMAX


SEMAX®

A Revolutionary Neuropeptide

SEMAX® is a neuropeptide developed from a short fragment of ACTH, Pro8-Gly9-Pro10 ACTH(4-10) and is a neuroactive peptide with unique neuroregulatory properties. [...]also influences the intellectual capacities and memory as well as concentration of normal, healthy persons subjected to stressful working conditions, increasing their mental capacities and diminishing the index of workload

http://www.img.ras.ru/semax1-e.htm

http://semax-international.com/index.htm

domingo, junio 19, 2005

Lista de abreviaturas


Esta es una lista de abreviaturas que se suelen usar en recetas o artículos
en Inglés:

__
aa of each
ad lib. freely, at pleasure
b.i.d two times a day
__
c with
et and
gr. grain
gtt drop
h.s. at bedtime, at hour of sleep
N.R.(non rep) do not repeat, no refill
O.D. right eye
O.S. left eye
O.U. both eyes
p.c. after meals
p.o. by mouth
p.r.n if needed, as needed
q.s. a sufficent quantity
q.s. ad a sufficent quantity , up to
q.i.d four times a day
q.o.d every other day
__
s without
ss one half
t.i.d three times a day
ut dict. (u.d.) as directed

domingo, junio 05, 2005

Web y libro sobre drogas inteligentes


Juan Carlos tiene un interesante sitio web sobre drogas inteligentes en www.drogasinteligentes.com

En el mismo pueden encontrar distintos artículos sobre los nootrópicos (muchos publicados en revistas sobre ajedrez). También se incluyen partes de su reciente libro "Drogas Inteligentes"

El sitio tiene un foro de discusión en el cual se pueden plantear dudas, como en nuestro grupo Yahoo! del cual Juan también es miembro.

No dejen de visitar su sitio que es de los pocos y mejores en español.

viernes, mayo 27, 2005

Nootropicos escrito con neuronas









Each letter is a close-up of gyri (bumps) and sulci (grooves) found on the surface of the human brain. The letters were all found within the brain photographs shown on the right. Some of the patterns were rotated, flipped upside-down or enlarged.

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/alpha.html